摘要
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) in marine, brackish, and fresh-water environments are caused by a variety of microscopic algae and cyanobacteria. HABs are hazardous and sometimes fatal to human and animal populations, either through toxicity, or by creating ecological conditions, such as oxygen depletion, which can kill fish and other economically or ecologically important organisms. HAB hazards have increased globally since the 1970s because of eutrophication, climate change, species translocations, and the interactions of these influences. Human vulnerability to HABs is greatest in communities that are nutritionally and economically reliant on fishery resources, but locally HABs also cause damage to tourist industries and have health-associated costs. There have been major research advances in the monitoring, detection, modeling, forecasting, prevention, communication, and treatment of HAB events, which have helped mitigate health and economic risks. However, reducing HAB incidents in the future will be challenging, due to heavily entrenched socio-ecological systems of food production and land management where nutrient fluxes are likely to increase.
摘要译文
海洋，咸水和淡水环境中有害的藻华（HAB）是由各种微观藻类和蓝细菌引起的。HAB是危险的，有时是对人类和动物种群的危险，无论是通过毒性还是通过产生生态状况，例如氧气耗尽，它们可以杀死鱼类和其他经济或生态上重要的生物体。自1970年代以来，HAB危害由于富营养化，气候变化，物种易位以及这些影响的相互作用而在全球范围内增加。在营养和经济上依赖渔业资源的社区中，人类对HAB的脆弱性最大，但当地HAB也会损害旅游业并具有与健康相关的成本。在监测，检测，建模，预测，预防，沟通和治疗HAB事件方面已经取得了重大的研究进展，这有助于减轻健康和经济风险。但是，由于根深蒂固的粮食生产和土地管理社会生态系统可能会增加营养通量可能会增加，因此减少未来的HAB事件将具有挑战性。
Suzanne McGowan. Harmful algal blooms. Biological and Environmental Hazards, Risks, and Disasters (Second Edition)[M].NL: ELSEVIER, 2023: 9-53