摘要
Testosterone is widely accepted as the main driver of spermatogenesis, being both necessary and sufficient to drive qualitative sperm development in the absence of stimulation by FSH or LH. As described above, testosterone exerts the majority of its function via binding its cognate receptor AR. AR is expressed in several cell-types of the testis through development and adult life, though importantly it is never expressed in germ cells suggesting the impact of androgens on spermatogenesis is via an indirect signaling route involving the supporting somatic cell lineages. In the mouse, AR expression begins around embryonic day 15 (Scott et al. 2007), and in week 7 of gestation in the human (Shapiro et al. 2005), and localizes to peritubular cells, which continue to express AR throughout life, and cells of the testicular interstitium. After birth AR expression is first detectable in Sertoli cells at postnatal day 4, and continues throughout life. Adult Leydig cell precursors begin to proliferate at postnatal day 12 and switch on AR expression from this point onwards. Thus in the adult testis of both rodents and humans, AR is expressed by Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, Peritubular myoid cells, vascular smooth muscle and vascular endothelial cells, all of which are responsive to androgen stimulation reviewed in (De Gendt and Verhoeven 2012a, b, c; Fig. 4.1a).
摘要译文
睾丸激素广泛地作为精子发生的主要司机被接受，必要、足够由 FSH 或 LH 当刺激不在时驾驶质的精子开发。如上所述，睾丸激素经由绑定施加它的函数的多数它的血缘的受体 AR。AR 通过开发和成年生活在睾丸的几房间类型被表示，尽管重要地它从来没在细菌房间建议精子发生上的雄激素的影响经由包含支持的一条间接发信号线路是体的房间系被表示。在老鼠， AR 表示在胚胎的白天附近开始 15 (斯哥特等。2007 ) ，并且在在人的星期 7 怀孕期(Shapiro 等。2005 ) ，并且本地化到 peritubular 房间，它继续在整个阴囊的 interstitium 的生活，和房间表示 AR。在出生 AR 以后，表示是第一在在出生后的白天的 Sertoli 房间可检测 4，并且在整个生活继续。成年 Leydig 房间先锋开始在出生后的白天增殖 12 并且向前从这个点打开 AR 表示。因此在啮齿类动物和人的成年睾丸， AR 被 Sertoli 房间， Leydig 房间， Peritubular myoid 房间，脉管的光滑的肌肉和脉管的 endothelial 房间表示，所有哪个对考察在的雄激素刺激应答(De Gendt 和 Verhoeven 2012a， b， c；图 4.1a ) 。
Lee B. Smith (4); Iain J. McEwan (5). Androgen Receptor Signaling in the Testis. Testosterone: From Basic Research to Clinical Applications [M].DE: Springer, 2013: 29-35