摘要
Mycotoxins are toxic chemicals produced by certain fungi and pose a significant threat to human and animal health through contaminated food and feed. These toxins, primarily produced by Aspergillus, Claviceps, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Alternaria fungi, can cause acute or chronic illness. Despite the identification of more than 500 mycotoxins, six major groups (aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, and patulin) pose the most significant food safety concerns due to their frequent occurrence. Mycotoxins weaken the immune system, making animals more susceptible to infections and diseases, ultimately impacting their health and performance. These toxins can cause a range of harmful effects, including damage to the liver (hepatotoxic), suppress the immune system (immunotoxic), cause genetic mutations (mutagenic), increase cancer risk (carcinogenic), and disrupt fetal development (teratogenic) in several animal species. Controlling mycotoxin contamination remains a significant global challenge. Even with the implementation of the best practices in agriculture, storage, and processing, their unpredictable presence and exceptional resistance to different treatments pose a permanent threat to food safety. Therefore, this chapter explores the latest advances in anti-mycotoxin strategies for poultry, focusing on innovative approaches to counteract mycotoxin contamination.
摘要译文
真菌毒素是由某些真菌产生的有毒化学物质，通过受污染的食品和饲料对人类和动物的健康构成重大威胁。 这些毒素主要由曲霉属、麦角菌属、青霉属、镰刀菌属和链格孢属真菌产生，可引起急性或慢性疾病。 尽管鉴定了超过500种真菌毒素，但六大类（黄曲霉毒素、伏马毒素、赭曲霉毒素、单端孢霉烯、玉米赤霉烯酮和棒曲霉素）由于其频繁出现而引起最严重的食品安全问题。 真菌毒素削弱免疫系统，使动物更容易感染和疾病，最终影响其健康和表现。 这些毒素可引起一系列有害作用，包括肝脏损伤（肝毒性）、抑制免疫系统（免疫毒性）、引起遗传突变（致突变性）、增加癌症风险（致癌性）和破坏几种动物种属的胎儿发育（致畸性）。 控制霉菌毒素污染仍是一项重大的全球挑战。 即使在农业、储存和加工方面实施了最佳实践，其不可预测的存在和对不同处理的异常抵抗力也对食品安全构成永久性威胁。 因此，本章探索了家禽抗霉菌毒素策略的最新进展，重点是抗真菌毒素污染的创新方法。
Jesus A. Maguey-Gonzalez, Juan D. Latorre, Lauren Laverty, Inkar Castellanos-Huerta & Guillermo Tellez-Isaias[1];Awad A. Shehata & Wolfgang Eisenreich[2];Awad A. Shehata [2];Guillermo Tellez-Isaias [3];Wolfgang Eisenreich [2]. Advances in Anti-Mycotoxins. Alternatives to Antibiotics against Pathogens in Poultry [M].DE: Springer, 2024: 235-255