摘要
The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of strategical blending of by-products of pea protein extraction such as pea molasses (PMS) and pea starch and fiber (PSF) with canola meal (CM) or distillers dried grains (DDGS) on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, and total tract nutrient digestibility of beef cattle. Preliminary evaluation (study 1) involved 4 runs of in vitro and two runs of in situ to evaluate the rumen fermentation and nutrient degradation of strategically blended CM. The treatments included regular CM (CM), CM blends containing PMS and PSF at 5% (CM5) and 10% (CM10) levels in CM, 1.5% PMS in CM (CM+PMS) and 1.5% PSF in CM (CM+PSF) (% DM basis). The CM+PMS had greater (P < 0.05) DM and CP digestibility in vitro and in situ with significant total gas production, while the CM+PSF had lower methane per gram of DM. In study 2, a 56-d backgrounding and a 145-d finishing trial were carried out to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing beef steers fed diets containing strategically blended protein supplements. The treatments used were CM (CM), CM+PMS (PMS at 1.5% of CM DM), DDGS, and DDGS+PSF (PSF at 2% diet DM). There was no treatment effect detected during both backgrounding and finishing for overall ADG, DMI or gain:feed. There were numerical improvements in carcass characteristics, indicating likely improvements in carcass traits at a greater level of inclusion in the diets. Study 3 involved a metabolism study using cannulated beef heifers fed the same finishing diets as the feedlot study in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to evaluate the impact of feeding strategically blended protein by-products on rumen fermentation, total tract nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen balance. There was no variation in total tract nutrient digestibility evaluated. The DM, OM, and CP digestibility were numerically greater for heifers fed CM treatments than those fed DDGS treatments, while the NDF and ADF digestibility were numerically greater for the DDGS treatments. There was no treatment variation in rumen pH measurements. There was also no diet effect on nitrogen balance measured. The results of these studies indicate that the inclusion of PMS and PSF in the diet of beef cattle had no negative influence on the growth performance. Numerical improvements in carcass traits, rumen fermentation, and total tract nutrient digestibility indicate that the growth performance and carcass characteristics may be improved by these food industry by-products at a greater level of inclusion in the beef cattle diets.
摘要译文
这项研究的目的是评估豌豆蛋白提取的副产品的策略性混合物，例如豌豆糖浆（PMS），豌豆淀粉和纤维（PSF）与菜籽粉（CM）或蒸馏剂干燥谷物（DDGS）的影响肉牛的生长性能，瘤胃发酵和总养分消化率。初步评估（研究1）涉及4次体外和两次原位运行，以评估策略性混合CM的瘤胃发酵和营养降解。这些处理包括常规CM（CM），CM和PSF的CM混合物为5％（CM5）（CM5）和CM中的10％（CM10）水平，CM（CM+PMS）的1.5％PM和CM（CM+）1.5％PSF（CM+）。PSF）（％DM基础）。CM+PMS在体外和原位具有更大的DM（P <0.05）DM和CP消化率，而CM+PSF的甲烷每克DM的甲烷较低。在研究2中，进行了56-D背景和145-D完成试验，以评估生长和精加工牛肉转向饮食的生长性能和car体特征，这些饮食中含有战略性混合蛋白质补充剂。使用的处理是CM（CM），CM+PMS（PMS的CM DM的1.5％），DDGS和DDGS+PSF（2％Diet DM的PSF）。对于整体ADG，DMI或增益，在背景和饰面期间均未检测到治疗效果：feed。car体特征有数值改善，表明car体性状可能会改善饮食中的含量更高。研究3涉及一项新陈代谢研究，使用插管牛肉小母牛在4×4拉丁正方形设计中喂养与饲养场研究相同的饮食饮食，以评估策略性混合蛋白质副产品对瘤胃发酵的影响平衡。总体养分消化率没有差异。小母牛的DM，OM和CP的消化率比Fed DDGS处理在数值上更大，而对于DDGS处理，NDF和ADF消化率在数值上更大。瘤胃pH测量没有治疗差异。对氮平衡的测量也没有饮食影响。这些研究的结果表明，将PM和PSF纳入肉牛饮食中，对生长表现没有负面影响。car体性状，瘤胃发酵和总体养分消化率的数值改善表明，这些食品工业副产品可以改善生长性能和尸体特征，并在牛奶饮食中更大程度地纳入。
Bien, Richard A. A.. Effect of Strategic Blending of Food Industry By-Products With Protein Supplements on Performance of Growing and Finishing Beef Cattle[D]. US: Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, 2024