摘要
Glycerol (glycerin) is increasingly available from biodiesel manufacture and edible oil refining and it has been used successfully in diets for chickens, pigs, and adult cattle; however, less information is available on its nutritional value in young calves. Our objective was to determine the effects on calf growth and health when glycerol replaced a portion of lactose in milk replacer. Holstein calves (12 male, 12 female) born at the University of Illinois dairy unit were assigned alternately to 1 of 2 treatments (24 calves total): control milk replacer or milk replacer supplemented with 15% glycerol in replacement of lactose. The experimental base milk replacer contained greater protein, fat, minerals, and vitamins so that when glycerol was added, the composition would be the same as that of the control, except that glycerol replaced some lactose. Calves were housed in individual hutches bedded with straw, and water was freely available. Starter was offered beginning on d 36. The amount of milk replacer offered was reduced by half on d 43, and calves were weaned at d 49. Calves were fed milk replacers twice daily from d 3 of life. Milk replacers contained 28% protein (all from whey proteins), 2.6% lysine, and 15% fat. Control milk replacer contained 40% lactose, and the glycerol milk replacer contained 25% lactose. Both replacers were reconstituted to 15% solids. Glycerol (liquid) was added to reconstituted base milk replacer at each feeding. During wk 1, milk replacers were fed at a rate of 0.25 Mcal/kg of metabolic body weight (BW) (about 1.5% of BW daily as powder, or approximately 675 g/d) and from wk 2 to 6 at 0.30 Mcal/kg of metabolic BW (about 2% of BW daily, or approximately 900 to 1,200 g/d). Measurements of BW and stature were made weekly through d 56. Calf BW and average daily gain through d 35 (0.66 vs. 0.65 kg/d for controls and glycerol, respectively) did not differ significantly between treatments. Stature measurements (withers height, body length, heart girth) and measures of health (fecal scores, medical treatments) did not differ between treatments. Under the conditions of this experiment, glycerol was an acceptable replacement for at least 37.5% of the total lactose in milk replacer (15% of the formula) if economically favorable.
摘要译文
甘油（甘油）越来越多地从生物柴油生产和食用油炼油中获得，并且已成功地用于鸡，猪和成年牛的饮食中。但是，关于其幼体中营养价值的信息较少。我们的目标是确定甘油在牛奶替代品中取代一部分乳糖时对小牛生长和健康的影响。伊利诺伊大学乳制品单位出生的荷斯坦小牛（12名男性，12名雌性）被分配给2种治疗中的1种（总共24个犊牛）：对照牛奶替代品或牛奶替代品，在乳糖替代时补充了15％的甘油。实验性碱牛奶替代品含有更大的蛋白质，脂肪，矿物质和维生素，因此当添加甘油时，该成分将与对照组相同，除了甘油替代了一些乳糖。小牛被安置在带有稻草的单独储物柜中，并且可以自由使用水。从D 36开始提供了开胃菜。在D 43时，提供的牛奶替代品的量减少了一半，并且在D 49处断奶。小牛每天两次喂养牛奶替代品两次。牛奶替代品含有28％的蛋白质（全部来自乳清蛋白），2.6％赖氨酸和15％的脂肪。对照牛奶替代品含有40％的乳糖，甘油牛奶替代品含有25％的乳糖。两个替代者都重构为15％的固体。添加甘油（液体）以在每次喂养时重构基牛奶替代品。在WK 1期间，以0.25 mcal/kg的代谢体重（BW）（每天约为BW的1.5％为粉末），以0.25 mcal/kg的速率喂养牛奶替代品，或者约为675 g/d），从0.30 mcal/wk 2到6代谢BW千克（每天约为BW的2％，约为900至1,200 g/d）。每周通过D 56进行BW和身材的测量。小牛BW和D 35的平均每日增益（分别为0.66 vs. 0.65 kg/d的对照和甘油）在处理之间没有显着差异。身材测量（枯萎的身高，身体长度，心脏周长）和健康度量（粪便评分，医疗治疗）之间没有差异。在该实验的条件下，如果经济上有利，甘油是可接受的替代牛奶（至少37.5％的牛奶替代品（15％）中的乳糖（占配方奶粉的15％）。
R.A. Ebert-Allen[1]*;G.M. Willis[2]†J.K. Drackley[1]. Glycerol as a partial replacement for lactose in milk replacer for young dairy calves[J]. JDS Communications, 2022,3(2): 110-113