摘要
Transition milk (TM, defined here as the second through fourth milkings after calving) supplies additional fat, protein, and immunoglobulins to the calf compared with milk replacer at industry-suggested feeding rates (∼14% solids). Our objective was to determine whether 9 feedings of TM on d 2 through 4 of life increase the growth rate and overall health of calves. Holstein heifer calves on a commercial farm were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets (n = 35/diet): milk replacer (MR; Purina Warm Front BOV MOS Medicated Milk Replacer, St. Louis, MO), TM, or a 50:50 blend of MR and colostrum replacer (MCR; Alta HiCal Colostrum Powder Replacer, the Saskatoon Colostrum Company Ltd., Saskatoon, SK, Canada). The TM was harvested from Holstein cows on the farm, pooled, and pasteurized at 71.7°C for 15 s. Nutrient composition on a dry matter basis of TM was 25.9% fat, 41.8% protein, and 14% solids; MR was 10.3% fat, 27.8% protein, and 14% solids; and MCR was 14.6% fat, 38.6% protein, and 15% solids. All calves received IgG-enriched colostrum replacer for the first 2 feedings after birth. Subsequently, calves were fed 1.9 L of MR, TM, or MCR 3 times per day for 3 d (starting on d 2). After initial diets ended, calves were fed and managed similarly. Body weights (d 1, 7, 14, 21, and 56), blood samples (d 1, 7, 14, and 21), and daily health scores (scale of 0 to 3, with 0 representing normal or healthy and 3 representing severe symptoms or ill) were collected through weaning at 56 d. All except 1 calf achieved successful transfer of passive immunity, with serum IgG values greater than 10.0 mg/mL. From birth through weaning, calves fed TM and MCR gained 3 kg more total body weight than those fed MR (34.3, 34.3, and 31.3 kg, respectively). Increased metabolizable energy (using NRC 2001 recommendations) in TM accounts for 0.68 kg of the increased gain compared with MR. Treatment did not alter health scores for ears, eyes, or feces. Haptoglobin concentrations were lower in TM and MCR than in MR calves (4.63, 3.62, and 7.54 μg/mL, respectively), whereas lipopolysaccharide binding protein concentrations were not different. In conclusion, compared with MR alone, feeding TM or MR with colostrum replacer for 3 d increased growth rate of calves throughout the preweaning period.
摘要译文
与工业建议的饲料速率（〜14％固体）的牛奶替代品相比，过渡牛奶（此处定义为第二至第四次挤奶后的第二至第四次挤奶）向小牛提供额外的脂肪，蛋白质和免疫球蛋白（~14％固体）。我们的目标是确定9种TM对D 2到4的9个喂养是否增加了小牛的生长速度和整体健康。商业农场的Holstein小母牛在3次饮食中随机分配给3个（n = 35 /饮食）：牛奶替代品（MR; Purina温暖的前Bov MOS药物换热剂，圣路易斯，MO），TM，或50:50 MR和初乳替代品的混合物（MCR; Alta Hical Colostrum Powder替换器，萨斯卡通Colostrum Company Ltd.，Saskatoon，Sk，加拿大）。 TM从农场上的Holstein奶牛收获，汇集，并在71.7°C下捕获15秒。干物质的营养成分为TM的基础为25.9％脂肪，41.8％蛋白质和14％的固体; MR为10.3％脂肪，27.8％的蛋白质和14％的固体; MCR为14.6％脂肪，38.6％蛋白质和15％固体。所有犊牛都接受了出生后前2个喂养的IgG富集的初乳替代品。随后，每天饲喂1.9L的MR，TM或MCR 3次（从D 2开始）。在初始饮食结束后，小牛喂养并类似地管理。体重（D 1,7,14,21和56），血液样品（D 1,7,14和21），以及每日健康分数（尺度为0至3，0表示正常或健康，3代表通过56天的断奶收集严重的症状或生病。除了1个小牛外，均可成功转移被动免疫力，血清IgG值大于10.0mg / ml。从出生通过断奶，饲喂TM和MCR的小牛总体重比喂养先生（34.3,34.3和31.3千克）更多的总体重。与MR先生相比，在TM中增加代谢能量（使用NRC 2001建议）占增益的0.68千克。治疗没有改变耳朵，眼睛或粪便的健康评分。 TM和MCR中的羟缩水蛋白浓度低于犊牛（4.63,3.62和7.54μg/ mL），而脂多糖结合蛋白质浓度没有不同。总之，与单独的MR相比，饲喂TM或MR用初乳替代物进行3 D，在预制期期间增加犊牛的生长速度。