摘要
BackgroundThe resistome describes the array of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) present within a microbial community. Recent research has documented the resistome in the rumen of ruminants and revealed that the type and abundance of ARGs could be affected by diet and/or antibiotic treatment. However, most of these studies only assessed ARGs using metagenomics, and expression of the resistome and its biological function within the microbiome remains largely unexplored.ResultsWe characterized the pools of ARGs (resistome) and their activities in the rumen of 48 beef cattle belonging to three breeds (Angus, Charolais, Kinsella composite hybrid), using shotgun metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. Sixty (including 20 plasmid-associated) ARGs were expressed which accounted for about 30% of the total number of ARGs (187) identified in metagenomic datasets, with tetW and mefA exhibiting the highest level of expression. In addition, the bacterial hosts of 17 expressed ARGs were identified. The active resistome was less diverse in Kinsella composite hybrid than Angus, however, expression of ARGs did not differ among breeds. Although not associated with feed efficiency, the total abundance of expressed ARGs was positively correlated with metabolic pathways and ‘attenuation values’ (a measurement of stability) of the active rumen microbiome, suggesting that ARGs expression influences the stability and functionality of the rumen microbiome. Moreover, Ruminococcus spp., Prevotella ruminicola, Muribaculaceae spp. and Collinsella aerofaciens were all identified as hosts of expressed ARGs, possibly promoting the dominance of these carbohydrate degraders within the rumen microbiome.ConclusionsFindings from this study provide new insight into the active rumen resistome in vivo, which may inform strategies to limit the spread of ubiquitously found ARGs from the rumen to the broader environment without negatively impacting the key functional outcomes of the rumen microbiome.
摘要译文
背景抗性组描述了微生物群落中存在的一系列抗生素耐药基因（ARGS）。最近的研究记录了反刍动物的反刍动物中的抵抗组，并透露，饮食和/或抗生素治疗可能会影响ARG的类型和丰度。然而，这些研究中的大多数仅使用宏基因组学评估了ARG，并且在微生物组中的抗抗性及其生物学功能的表达在很大程度上仍未开发。Resultswe表征了Args的池（抵抗组）及其活性及其在48个牛肉中属于3个牛肉的瘤使用shot弹枪宏基因组学和元文字组学品种（Angus，Charolais，Kinsella复合杂种）。表达了60个（包括20个质粒相关）ARG，该ARG占了元基因组数据集中鉴定的ARG总数（187）的30％，而TETW和MEFA表现出最高的表达水平。此外，确定了17个表达ARG的细菌宿主。但是，活跃的抗性组在Kinsella复合杂种中的多样性不如Angus，但是，ARG的表达在品种之间没有差异。尽管与饲料效率无关，但表达的ARGS的总丰度与活性瘤胃微生物组的代谢途径和“稳定性的稳定性”（测量稳定性）呈正相关，这表明ARG表达会影响瘤瘤微生物组的稳定性和功能。此外，Ruminococcus spp。，Prevotella Ruminicola，Muribaculaceae spp。和Collinsella aerofaciens均被确定为表达的Args的宿主，可能会促进这些碳水化合物降解器在瘤胃微生物组中的优势。这项研究的Conclusionsfindings提供了新的洞察力，可以提供对体内活动性瘤胃抗性的新见解，这可能会限制限制ubiquicity策略的传播。从瘤胃到更广泛的环境中发现了ARG，而不会对瘤胃微生物组的关键功能结果产生负面影响。
Ma; Tao[1];Zaheer; Rahat[2];McAllister; Tim A.[2];Guo; Wei[3];Li; Fuyong[3];Tu; Yan[1];Diao; Qiyu[1];Guan; Le Luo[3]. Expressions of resistome is linked to the key functions and stability of active rumen microbiome[J]. Animal Microbiome, 2022,4(1): 1-17