摘要
Grape pomace (GP) represents a very reliable source of polyphenols because it could be found globally as a remnant of the wine industry. During the winemaking process, two types of GP are generated: red GP and white GP, according to the produced wine, red or white. Grape pomace represents a viable source of polyphenols, mainly flavanols, procyanidins anthocyanins, and resveratrol which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Multiple differences were observed between red and white GP in terms of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Although most studies are focused on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of red grape pomace, there are still many variables that need to be taken into consideration, as well as extensive study of the white GP. It was observed that in both in vitro and in vivo studies, the GP polyphenols have a direct antioxidant activity by acting as a free radical scavenger or donating a hydrogen atom. It also possesses an indirect antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κβ), and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (Iκκβ) levels or nitrate oxide-4 (NOX4) expression and by increasing the levels of antioxidants enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione reductase (GRx) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx). Besides these activities, many beneficial effects in ischemic heart diseases were also observed, such as the maintenance of the ventricular function as close as possible to normal, and the prevention of infarcted area extension. In this context, this review intends to present the actual knowledge of grape pomace’s potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in ischemic heart disease, knowledge gathered from existing in vitro and in vivo studies focused on this.
摘要译文
葡萄波马斯（GP）代表了多酚的非常可靠的来源，因为它可以在全球范围内作为葡萄酒行业的残留物。在酿酒过程中，产生了两种类型的GP：根据生产的葡萄酒，红色或白色的红色GP和白色GP。葡萄帕马斯代表了具有抗氧化剂和抗炎活性的多酚，主要是黄烷醇，主要是黄烷醇，普基烷替糖蛋白和白藜芦醇。在体外和体内研究中，红色和白色gp的抗氧化剂和抗炎活性都观察到了多种差异。尽管大多数研究都集中在红葡萄Pomace的抗氧化剂和抗炎作用上，但仍然需要考虑许多变量，以及对白色GP的广泛研究。据观察，在体外和体内研究中，GP多酚通过充当自由基清除剂或捐赠氢原子都具有直接的抗氧化活性。它还具有通过减少线粒体活性氧（ROS）产生，丙二醛（MDA），肿瘤坏死因子-Alpha（TNF-α），Iltleukin-1-Beta（IL-1β），IL-1β（IL-1β），ILLEUKIN（IL-1β），肿瘤坏死因子 - α（IL-1β），具有间接抗氧化剂和抗炎活性。 -6（IL-6），活化B细胞（NF-κβ）的核因子kappa-light-light链 - 增强剂和核因子Kappa-B激酶亚基β（Iκκβ）水平或硝酸盐氧化物-4（NOX4）的核因子Kappa-B激酶亚基β（Iκβ）水平（NOX4）的抑制剂（NOX4）表达并通过增加抗氧化剂酶的水平，例如超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化氢酶（CAT）谷胱甘肽还原酶（GRX）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）。除这些活动外，还观察到缺血性心脏病的许多有益作用，例如，尽可能接近正常的心室功能以及预防梗塞区域延伸。在这种情况下，这篇综述旨在介绍葡萄波马斯潜在的缺血性心脏病中潜在的抗氧化剂和抗炎活性的知识，这是从现有体外和体内研究中收集的知识。
Ioana Corina Bocsan;Dan Claudiu Măgureanu;Raluca Maria Pop;Antonia Mihaela Levai;Ștefan Octavian Macovei;Ioana Maria Pătrașca;Veronica Sanda Chedea;Anca Dana Buzoianu. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Polyphenols from Red and White Grape Pomace in Ischemic Heart Diseases[J]. Biomedicines, 2022,10(10): 2337