期刊文献

Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by Synthesized Kenaf Seed Cake-Based Sulfonated Catalyst 收藏

用合成的KENAF籽籽蛋壳基磺化催化剂催化棕榈脂肪酸馏分用于生物柴油生产的酯化

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作者

Shehu-Ibrahim Akinfalabi[ 1]; Umer Rashid[ 1;[*]; Thomas Yaw Choong Shean[ 2]; Imededdine Arbi Nehdi[ 3;4]; Hassen Mohamed Sbihi[ 3];Mohamed Mossad Gewik[ 3]

作者单位

[1] Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia [2] Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia [3] Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia [4] Laboratoire de Recherche LR18ES08, Chemistry Department, Science College, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia [*] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Catalysts 2019, 9(5), 482; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9050482

关键词

kenaf seed cake; sulfonation; esterification; FFA conversion; reusability

关键词译文

kenaf籽蛋糕;磺化;酯化; FFA转换;可重用性

发布日期

2019-05-24

页码

482

DOI

10.3390/catal9050482

来源信息

Catalysts (2073-4344) ISSN：2073-4344, 2019年, 9卷, 5期, 482页

摘要

Sulfonated kenaf seed cake (SO3H-KSC) catalyst, was synthesized to aid biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). It was chemically activated with phosphoric acid for an impregnation period of 24 h in order to enhance the porosity and the specific surface area of kenaf seed cake (KSC). After the carbonization and sulfonation, the resultant catalyst was characterized with powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), NH3-temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The SO3H-KSC catalyst was amorphous in nature and had an acid density of 14.32 mmol/g, specific surface area of 365.63 m2/g, pore volume of 0.31 cm3/g and pore diameter of 2.89 nm. At optimum esterification conditions--reaction time 90 mins, temperature of 338 K, methanol:PFAD molar ratio of 10:1 and catalyst concentration of 2 wt.%—a free fatty acid (FFA) conversion of 98.7% and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield of 97.9% was achieved. The synthesized SO3H-KSC catalyst underwent five reaction cycles while maintaining a fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield and free fatty acid (FFA) conversion of >90%. Thus, the SO3H-KSC catalyst was shown to be an excellent application of bio-based material as a precursor for catalyst synthesis for esterification of PFAD.

摘要译文

合成磺化keNaf籽蛋糕（SO3H-KSC）催化剂以帮助棕榈脂肪酸馏分（PFAD）产生生物柴油生产。将其用磷酸化学活化，浸渍时间为24小时，以增强颈蛋白籽饼（KSC）的孔隙率和比表面积。碳化和磺化后，所得催化剂的特征在于粉末X射线衍射（XRD），Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（Bet），傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱，场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM），NH3 - 温度编程解吸（NH3-TPD）和热重分析（TGA）。 SO3H-KSC催化剂本质上是无定形的，酸密度为14.32mmol / g，比表面积为365.63m 2 / g，孔体积为0.31cm 3 / g，孔径为2.89nm。在最佳酯化条件下 - 反应时间90分钟，温度为338 k，甲醇：PFAD摩尔比为10：1和催化剂浓度为2重量％ - 游离脂肪酸（FFA）转化为98.7％和脂肪酸甲酯转化率（名称）达到97.9％的产量。合成的SO3H-KSC催化剂在5次反应循环中进行，同时保持脂肪酸甲酯（MAME）产率和游离脂肪酸（FFA）转化率> 90％。因此，SO3H-KSC催化剂显示为生物基材料作为催化剂合成的前体的优异应用，用于磷酸酯的酯化合成。

Shehu-Ibrahim Akinfalabi[ 1]; Umer Rashid[ 1;[*]; Thomas Yaw Choong Shean[ 2]; Imededdine Arbi Nehdi[ 3;4]; Hassen Mohamed Sbihi[ 3];Mohamed Mossad Gewik[ 3]. Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by Synthesized Kenaf Seed Cake-Based Sulfonated Catalyst[J]. Catalysts (2073-4344), 2019,9(5): 482