摘要
Human-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC) has altered landscape processes and negatively impacted many species globally. Some of the most dramatic changes have been in wetlands where flows have been disrupted, and new wetlands have been created to retain runoff. In response to disrupted natural wetland conditions, Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) populations in South Florida have significantly declined over the past several decades. Despite the well-documented sensitivity of Wood Storks to natural wetland conditions, Wood Storks are often observed foraging in roadside created wetlands; however, the availability of prey in created wetlands is currently unknown. We sampled natural and created wetlands to determine aquatic fauna available for foraging Wood Storks. To determine prey use, we collected food boluses from Wood Storks in both natural wetland and urban landscapes. Historical studies found nonnative fish were absent in Wood Stork diet prior to the dominance of created wetlands in the landscape; however, we found nonnative fish frequently in both created wetlands and boluses. Furthermore, urban nesting Wood Storks consumed large-bodied prey species that were more characteristic of created wetlands whereas Wood Storks nesting in natural wetlands consumed large-bodied prey more characteristic of natural wetlands. Overall, Wood Storks consumed prey that were more similar to the fish community in created wetlands than those in natural wetlands. These dietary patterns suggest that Wood Storks have behavioral plasticity in both foraging habitat and prey use to cope with HIREC. Conservation efforts for species existing in both natural and urban habitats should consider the importance of novel prey and foraging habitats, as they may assist in sustaining populations in a rapidly changing world.
摘要译文
人类引起的快速环境变化（HIREC）改变了景观过程，并对全球许多物种产生了负面影响。一些最引人注目的变化是在流动中断的湿地，并创建了新的湿地来保留径流。为了应对破坏的自然湿地条件，在过去的几十年中，南佛罗里达州的木鹳（Mycteria Americana）种群大大下降。尽管木鹳对天然湿地条件的敏感性有充分的敏感性，但经常在路边创造的湿地中观察到木鹳。但是，目前尚不清楚创建的湿地中猎物的可用性。我们对天然并创建了湿地，以确定可用于觅食木鹳的水生动物群。为了确定猎物的使用，我们从天然湿地和城市景观中的木鹳中收集了食物大放异。历史研究发现，在景观中被造成的湿地占据占主导地位之前，木鹳饮食中没有非本地鱼。但是，我们在创建的湿地和大块中经常发现非本地鱼类。此外，城市筑巢的木鹳消耗了大型猎物，这些物种的特征更为湿地，而在天然湿地中筑巢的木鹳消耗了大型猎物，更有自然湿地的特征。总体而言，与天然湿地中的湿地相比，木鹳消耗的猎物与鱼类群落更相似。这些饮食模式表明，木鹳在觅食栖息地和猎物中都具有行为可塑性，以应对HIREC。在自然和城市栖息地中存在的物种的保护工作应考虑新颖的猎物和觅食栖息地的重要性，因为它们可以帮助在迅速变化的世界中维持人口。
Evans; Betsy A.[1];Klassen; Jessica A.[1];Gawlik; Dale E.[1]. Dietary flexibility of Wood Storks in response to human-induced rapid environmental change[J]. Urban Ecosystems, 2022,25(3): 705-718