摘要
BackgroundIn recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using high quantities of milk or milk replacer (MR) in heat-stressed calves to alleviate the negative effects of high environmental temperatures on their performance. However, observations have indicated a decline in growth performance in the weaning and post-weaning period, which might be optimized with increasing total solids (TS) in milk and weaning age. This study aims to optimize the effects of higher quantities of milk on late weaned calves' performance by increasing TS concentration or delivery route in summer conditions.MethodForty-eight newborn Holstein calves were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the factors of pre-weaning total plane of milk (PM) intake (low vs. high) and milk TS content (12% vs. 17%). The treatments were (1) low PM (LPM) intake with 12% TS (TS intake = 45.9 kg), (2) LPM intake with 17% TS (TS intake = 65.1 kg), (3) high PM (HPM) intake with 12% TS (TS intake = 63.7 kg); and (4) HPM intake with 17% TS (TS intake = 90.3 kg). Calves were weaned at d 83, and the study was terminated at d 103 of age. Performance data (every 10 day), skeletal growth (d 80 and 100), ruminal fermentation parameters (d 48 and 91), and behavioral measurements (d 69, 70, 93 and 94) were analyzed as repeated measurements with PROC MIXED of SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC).ResultsCalves receiving HPM consumed less PMR from d 44 to 83 of age, but they had higher ADG from d 24 to 53 of age compared to those fed LPM (PM × age, P < 0.001). In addition, calves receiving milk with 17% TS had lower PMR intake from d 14 to 83 of age, but greater ADG from d 34 to 53 compared to those receiving milk with 12% TS (TS × age, P < 0.001). Calves that received HPM had greater skeletal growth parameters compared to LPM-fed calves, with a similar effect evident for calves fed milk with 17% TS compared with those fed milk with 12% TS. Calves receiving milk with 17% TS had greater fecal scores and diarrhea occurrence than those fed milk with 12% TS in HPM, but not LPM.ConclusionsIncreasing PM and milk TS concentration improved growth in summer-exposed calves as demonstrated by increased pre-weaning ADG, pre- and post-weaning BW, and structural growth.
摘要译文
BackgroundIn近年来，一直在热应激小牛采用高量的牛奶或代乳品（MR），以减轻他们的表现高的环境温度的负面影响越来越大的兴趣。然而，观察表明在断奶和断奶后时期中生长性能的下降，这可能与在乳增加总固体（TS）和断奶年龄进行优化。这项研究的目的是通过conditions.MethodForty个新生小牛荷斯坦在2×2阶乘安排被用来与预因素在夏季增加TS浓度或递送途径，以优化更高量的奶的上晚断奶牛犊的性能的影响断奶牛奶（PM）摄入量（相对于低高）和牛奶TS含量（12％对17％）的总平面。这些处理是：（1）低PM（LPM）的摄入量与12个％TS（TS进气=45.9公斤），（2）LPM摄取含17个％TS（TS进气=65.1千克），（3）高PM（HPM）进用12个％TS（TS进气=63.7千克）;和（4）HPM摄取含17个％TS（TS进气=90.3公斤）。小牛在d 83断奶，并且研究在年龄d 103被终止。性能数据（每10天），骨骼生长（d 80和100），瘤胃发酵参数（d 48和91），和行为测量（d 69，70，93和94）进行了分析，与PROC重复测量MIXED SAS的接收HPM 9.4（SAS研究所公司，卡里，NC）.ResultsCalves消耗从d 44小于PMR到的年龄83，但他们具有较高的ADG从d 24到53岁的那些相比馈LPM（PM×年龄，P < 0.001）。此外，在接收牛奶，含17％TS牛犊相比于用12％TS（TS×年龄，P <0.001）的那些接收乳具有从d 14低PMR摄取到的年龄83，但大于从ADG 34 d至53。相比于LPM喂养的小牛接受HPM小牛具有更大的骨骼生长参数，具有明显的用于牛奶供给与那些馈乳具有12％TS相比17％TS牛犊类似的效果。接收牛奶，含17个％小牛TS具有更大的粪便分数和腹泻发生比饲喂牛奶与HPM 12％TS，但不是LPM.ConclusionsIncreasing PM和由所证明在夏季暴露小牛牛奶TS浓度改良的生长增加预断奶ADG前和断奶后的体重，以及结构性增长。
Shiasi Sardoabi; R.[1];Alikhani; M.[1];Hashemzadeh; F.[1];Khorvash; M.[1];Mirzaei; M.[2];Drackley; J. K.[3]. Effects of different planes of milk feeding and milk total solids concentration on growth, ruminal fermentation, health, and behavior of late weaned dairy calves during summer[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2021,12(1): 1-16