摘要
Living at a high altitude involves many environmental challenges. The combined effects of hypoxia and cold stress impose severe physiological challenges on endothermic animals. The yak is integral to the livelihood of the people occupying the vast, inhospitable Qinghai–Tibetan plateau and the surrounding mountainous region. Due to long-term selection, the yak exhibits stable and unique genetic characteristics which enable physiological, biochemical, and morphological adaptations to a high altitude. Thus, the yak is a representative model for mammalian plateau-adaptability studies. Understanding coping mechanisms provides unique insights into adaptive evolution, thus informing the breeding of domestic yaks. This review provides an overview of genetic adaptations in Bos grunniens to high-altitude environmental stress. Combined genomics and theoretical advances have informed the genetic basis of high-altitude adaptations.
摘要译文
生活在高空之上涉及许多环境挑战。缺氧和冷应激的综合影响对吸热动物产生严重的生理挑战。牦牛对人民占据浩瀚，居住的青藏高原和周围山区的生计不可或缺的一体化。由于长期选择，牦牛表现出稳定和独特的遗传特征，使生理，生化和形态学适应高海拔。因此，牦牛是哺乳动物高原适应性研究的代表性模型。了解应对机制提供了对自适应演变的独特见解，从而了解国内牦牛的繁殖。本综述概述了BOS Grunniens的遗传适应，高原环境压力。合并基因组学与理论步提交了高空适应的遗传基础。
Wondossen Ayalew[ 1;2;[*]; Min Chu[ 1]; Chunnian Liang[ 1]; Xiaoyun Wu[ 1;[*];Ping Yan[ 1;[*]. Adaptation Mechanisms of Yak (Bos grunniens) to High-Altitude Environmental Stress[J]. Animals, 2021,11(8): 2344