摘要
Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects monensin sodium, plant extracts, and injectable trace minerals on heifer and bull fertility, and calf feedlot performance and morbidity.
In both studies, heifers were weighed and estrus detection patch status was recorded every 11 d. Age at puberty was determined by patch status and was recorded as the d the patch was first activated. A 14 d CIDR-PG-AI protocol was utilized to inseminate heifers, when heifers were 427.3 ± 21.0 d of age. In the 14 d CIDR-PG-AI, a controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) was inserted 33 d prior to AI and removed 14 d later. Prostaglandin was injected 16 d after CIDR removal, and heifers were inseminated 3 d later. Heifers were placed with bulls for natural service 21 d post AI. Pregnancy was determined 56 d post AI via ultrasound and 178 d post AI via rectal palpation. Calving records were used to validate ultrasound results.
In the first study, there were no treatment main effects for initial or final BW (P > 0.05). There were no interactions between the main effects of monensin sodium fed at high concentrations and plant extracts for any feedlot or fertility performance variable (P > 0.05); however, there was a main effect of high levels of monensin sodium for heifer DMI from d 0 to 8 and d 8 to 15, where MON and COMB heifers had reduced DMI compared to CCE and CON heifers (P = 0.05). From d 11 to 22 and d 44 to 66, heifers that received plant extracts (CCE and COMB) had lower ADG than CON and MON heifers (P = 0.05). Feed efficiency tended (P = 0.08) to be improved in heifers fed high levels of monensin sodium (MON and COMB) compared to heifers fed low levels of monensin sodium (CCE and CON); however overall DMI, ADG, age at puberty and pregnancy rate were not affected by the main effects of high levels of monensin sodium or plant extracts (P > 0.05).
In the second study, Angus bulls (n = 31, yr 1; n = 35, yr 2), heifers (n = 107) and steers (n = 105) were randomly assigned a treatment at weaning (278.6 ± 35.0 kg; 241.0 ± 19.6 d): 1) control (CON), no injection, or 2) injectable trace minerals (MIN), which included Cu, Zn, Se and Mn. The MIN treatment was administered at weaning (d 0) and again on d 64 (yr 1) and d 110 (yr 2) to bulls, and at weaning (d -19) and on d 135 to heifers. The second injections were 80 (yr 1) or 38 d (yr 2) prior to bull breeding soundness exams and 33 d prior to heifer AI. Steers received only the initial injection at weaning. Injections were administered at 1 mL/45.4 kg of BW at weaning and 1 mL/68.0 kg of BW prior to breeding soundness exams and AI, as per the product label. Bulls in both years exhibited no differences in overall ADG based on treatment (P > 0.05); however, MIN bulls had reduced ADG from d 64 to 113 (P = 0.05) versus CON. Steer and heifer ADG was not different across treatments (P > 0.05). Incidence of morbidity was not different among treatments for any class of cattle (P > 0.05).
A licensed veterinarian performed the breeding soundness exams and Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis was performed to analyze sperm motility, velocity, straightness and linearity objectively. Motility and morphology from breeding soundness exams were not effected by MIN (P > 0.05); however, in yr 2 there was a tendency for sperm from MIN bulls to have a higher percentage of secondary defects (P = 0.08). Sperm beat cross frequency was greater in CON in yr 2 (P < 0.01), and tended to be greater in CON in yr 1 (P = 0.10). Progressive velocity of sperm was greater in CON in yr 2 (P < 0.05). Neither BCS nor age at puberty in heifers was affected by treatment (P > 0.05). These results suggest there is no benefit to newly weaned calf performance or morbidity, or yearling bull or heifer fertility, when supplementing cattle with injectable trace minerals at weaning. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
摘要译文
进行了两项研究，以评估对小母牛和牛的生育能力以及小腿饲养场的性能和发病率的影响莫妮素钠，植物提取物和可注射痕量矿物质的影响。在这两项研究中，都称重了小母牛，每11 d记录一次中心检测贴片状态。青春期的年龄由斑块状态确定，并记录为D斑块首次激活。当小母牛年龄427.3±21.0 d时，使用14 d CIDR-PG-AI方案来授精小母牛。在14 D CIDR-PG-AI中，在AI之前插入了33 d的受控内部药物释放装置（CIDR），并在14天后删除。 CIDR去除后16天注射前列腺素，并在3 d后启用小母牛。小母牛与公牛一起进行自然服务21 d后AI。通过超声检查在AI后56 d和178 d后通过直肠触诊确定妊娠。产犊记录用于验证超声结果。在第一项研究中，初始或最终BW没有治疗主要影响（p> 0.05）。在高浓度的Monensin钠粉的主要作用与任何饲养场或生育性能变量的植物提取物之间没有相互作用（P> 0.05）；然而，与CCE和CON小母牛相比，Monensin钠对小母牛DMI的高水平DMI的主要作用降低了DMI（P = 0.05）。从D 11到22和D 44到66，接受植物提取物（CCE和梳子）的小母牛的ADG低于Con和Mon Heifers（P = 0.05）。与饲喂低水平的Monensin钠（CCE和CON）相比，在小母牛喂养高水平的Monensin钠（Mon和Comb）的小母牛（CCE和CON）相比，饲料效率趋于改善。然而，总体DMI，ADG，青春期年龄和妊娠率不受高水平的Monensin钠或植物提取物的主要影响（P> 0.05）。在第二项研究中，Angus Bulls（n = 31，yr 1; n = 35，yr 2），小母牛（n = 107）和Steesers（n = 105）在断奶时随机分配了治疗（278.6±35.0 kg; 241.0 kg; 241.0 kg; 241.0 kg; 241.0 ±19.6 d）：1）对照（con），无注射或2）可注射的痕量矿物质（min），其中包括Cu，Zn，SE和MN。最小处理是在断奶（D 0）和D 64（YR 1）和D 110（YR 2）的情况下给予公牛的，以及在断奶（D -19）和D 135上给予小母牛。第二次注射为80（YR 1）或38 d（YR 2），然后在Bull Breejemens检查之前，在Heifer AI之前进行33 d。管道仅收到断奶时的初始注射。根据产品标签，在断奶时以1 ml/45.4 kg的BW进行注射，在育种声音检查和AI之前，注射量为1 ml/68.0 kg。两年中的公牛基于治疗的总体ADG没有差异（p> 0.05）；然而，最小公牛将ADG从D 64降低到113（p = 0.05）。在治疗中，转向和小母牛ADG没有差异（p> 0.05）。对于任何类别的牛的治疗方法，发病率的发病率没有差异（p> 0.05）。执照的兽医进行了育种声音检查，并进行了计算机辅助的精子分析，以客观地分析精子运动，速度，直度和线性性。繁殖声音考试的运动性和形态不受最小的影响（p> 0.05）；但是，在YR 2中，来自牛头的精子有较高百分比的次级缺陷的趋势（p = 0.08）。 YR 2（p <0.01）中的con频率更大，并且在yr 1中趋于更大（p = 0.10）。在YR 2中，精子的进行性速度更大（P <0.05）。小母牛青春期的BCS和年龄均未受到治疗的影响（p> 0.05）。这些结果表明，当在断奶时用可注射的痕量矿物质补充牛时，新婚的小牛表现或发病率或一岁的公牛或小母牛的生育没有任何好处。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）
Fischer, Mariah. Effects of monensin sodium, plant extracts and injectable trace minerals on feedlot performance, fertility and morbidity of beef cattle[D]. US: Colorado State University, 2015